The "subjective turn" or the "interior turn" -- what distinguished devotio moderna and successive trends in Western spirituality from classical and patristic forms of prayer?

Can we really begin learning about prayer with mental prayer, skipping over vocal prayer? How can mental prayer be separated from a formation in lectio divina and liturgical prayer? (Would that be an accurate characterization of the emphasis of much of popular, contemporary Latin spirituality?) Meditations divorced from the liturgical cycle?

A Beginner’s Guide to Mental Prayer

Published by Ignatius Press at the beginning of this year: The Contemplative Hunger by Fr. Donald Haggerty. (Introduction at Insight Scoop.)